SYNONYM:
Irish moss, Chondrus.
BIOLOGICAL
SOURCE: It is polysaccharide obtained from the Irish moss, Chondrus
crispus Linn, red algae of the family Gigartinaceae, class-Rhodophyceae.
GEOGRAPHICAL
SOURCE: Irish moss is abundantly found in Atlantic Ocean
and coastal areas of Scotland and Ireland.
COLLECTION
AND PREPARATION: It grows on the rocks, collected from
the sea by means of long rakes, bleached by sun drying, washed with water to
remove colouring matter, Dried in shade, packed in bales and brought to the
factories.
It is further
extracted with hot water containing sodium or calcium hydroxide for adjusting
the pH to slightly alkaline. The extract obtained by
filtration and purity is attained by precipitation by ethanol or is propyl
alcohol.
CHEMICAL
CONSTITUENTS: Polysaccharides,
the major constituent is galactans
which is known as carrageenans.
Carrageenans are classified on the basis of 3, 6-anhydro-D-galactose and the
position of ester sulphate groups. The major types of carrageenans are Kappa (k), Iota and Lambda (λ) carrageenans. Hydrolysis of polysaccharides yields galactose,
glucose, fructose, arabinose and calcium salt of acid esters of sulphuric acid.
USES:
It is used as emulsifying agent, gelling agent, tablet disintegrant, cheap
substitute of gum acacia, demulcent, it is a phlogistic agent for inducing
inflammation in the rat paw oedema model for the study of anti-inflammatory
activity.
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